CELPIP Tips: Writing with Flow
One of the marks of advanced English writing is cohesion—the way ideas connect smoothly from sentence to sentence and paragraph to paragraph. Even if your grammar and vocabulary are strong, your writing can feel disjointed without good cohesion. Let’s explore how to build cohesion and make your writing flow naturally.
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🔗 What Is Cohesion?
Cohesion refers to the use of linguistic devices to link ideas together. It helps readers follow your argument or narrative without getting lost. Think of it as the glue that holds your writing together.
🧱 Sentence-Level Cohesion
Here are some strategies to make your sentences connect smoothly:
1. Use Transition Words and Phrases
These signal relationships between ideas:
Addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition
Contrast: however, on the other hand, although
Cause and effect: therefore, as a result, consequently
Examples: for instance, such as, namely
“The policy was unpopular. However, it was necessary for long-term stability.”
2. Repeat Key Terms or Use Synonyms
Repetition reinforces your topic, while synonyms prevent monotony.
“The project was delayed due to funding issues. This initiative will now resume next month.”
3. Use Pronouns for Reference
Pronouns like this, that, these, those, it, they help avoid repetition and maintain flow.
“The new regulations are strict. They will affect all employees.”
🧩 Paragraph-Level Cohesion
Cohesion at the paragraph level ensures that your ideas develop logically.
1. Start with a Clear Topic Sentence
This sets the focus of the paragraph.
“One major benefit of remote work is increased flexibility.”
2. Use Logical Progression
Each sentence should build on the previous one. Ask yourself: Does this sentence follow naturally from the last?
“Flexibility allows employees to manage their time better. As a result, many report higher job satisfaction.”
3. Use Paragraph Bridges
Link paragraphs with transitional phrases or references to previous ideas.
“While flexibility is a key advantage, remote work also presents challenges.”
✍️ Practice Tip
Take a paragraph you’ve written and highlight:
Transition words
Repeated key terms
Pronouns referring to earlier ideas
If you don’t see many, try revising to improve cohesion!
🧠 Final Thought
Cohesion isn’t just about grammar—it’s about guiding your reader through your ideas. With practice, your writing will not only be correct but also compelling and easy to follow.